Creating a culture where thinking is visible, valued, and actively promoted requires far more than a well-aligned curriculum. While high-quality lessons is essential, the true story of learning is written in the real-time interactions between teachers and students. We often see a vast disparity in outcomes even when classrooms use the "same material"—the difference lies in the discourse. In this session, we will examine the cultural forces of language, interaction, and time, with a particular focus on the practice of listening and questioning.